Kümbet, cenazelik ve ziyaretçi bölümü olmak üzere iki kattan oluşmaktadır. İçeriden kubbe, dışarıdan külah ile örtülü olan türbenin inşa tarihi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, mimari özelliklerine dayanılarak 1333 yılı ve sonrasına tarihlendirilmektedir. Vakfiyesine göre külliye; mescit, zaviye ve imaretten oluşmaktadır.
Sivas Ahi Emir Ahmed Türbesi ve Tarihi Önemi
Türbenin kitabesinde yer alan şu ifadeler dikkat çekmektedir:
“Bu kümbetin yapılmasını; İslam’ın, dinin ve dünyanın direği, biricik, en has, muhterem, engereflere emretti. Kerem sahiplerinin ve büyüklerin önderi ve asillerin iftihar vesilesi, şefaat ve mürüvvet sahibi, tarikat ve hakikat ehillerinin efendisi Zeynü’l-Hac oğlu Ahi Emir Ahmed.”
Ahi Emir Ahmed Kimdir?
Ahi Emir Ahmed, Anadolu’daki Ahi teşkilatlarının önemli isimlerinden biridir. “Ahi” kelimesi Arapça “kardeşim” anlamına gelirken, Ahiliğin temelini oluşturan “feta” ise “yiğitlik, eli açık ve cengaver” anlamına gelir. Bu sistem, XIII. yüzyıldan itibaren Anadolu’da toplumsal bir düzenin oluşmasında etkili olmuştur.
Horasan’dan Anadolu’ya göç ettiği bilinen Ahi Emir Ahmed’in ailesi, Bayburt’a yerleşmiş Uygur Türklerinden kabul edilmektedir. 13. yüzyılın sonları ile 14. yüzyılın başlarında yaşadığı düşünülen Ahi Emir Ahmed, esnaf teşkilatlarının lideri olarak tanınmıştır. Mevlâna ile manevi bağları olan Ahi Emir’in, rüyasında Mevlâna tarafından Mevlevi Şeyhi ilan edildiği ve hilafet şeceresi gönderildiği rivayet edilmektedir.
İbn-i Batuta’nın Ahi Emir Ahmed Ziyareti
Ünlü gezgin İbn-i Batuta, 1339 yılında Sivas’a yaptığı ziyaret sırasında, Ahi Bıçakçı Ahmed’in zaviyesinde ağırlanmıştır. Ahi Bıçakçı Ahmed’in, Ahi Emir Ahmed ile aynı kişi olabileceği düşünülmektedir. İbn-i Batuta, Ahi Çelebi ile görüştükten sonra Alaeddin Ertana ile bir araya gelmiştir.
Türbenin Halk Arasındaki Yeri
Kitabesinde yazılı olmamasına rağmen halk arasında, “Yağlı okka on para olunca helva yapılsın” gibi ifadelerle anılmaktadır. Ayrıca türbenin, sarhoşlara geçit vermediğine ve burada edilen duaların kabul olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Ahi Emir Ahmed’in türbesi, gerek manevi gerekse tarihi önemiyle ziyaretçilerini ağırlamaya devam etmektedir.
İNGİLİZCE TANITIM
Ahi Emir Ahmed Tomb
14th century (Ahi Emir Zawiyah Foundation)
The dome has two stories, one being for the mausoleum and one for visitors. The tomb is covered with a dome inside and a cone from the outside. The construction date of the building is not known for sure. According to its foundation certificate, the social complex is composed of a small mosque, a zawiyah, and an imaret (public soup kitchen).
Based on its architectural characteristics, it is considered to have been built after 1333 or later (in the first half of the 14th century). The epigraph of the monument encircling it below the eaves reads as follows:
“The construction of this mausoleum was ordered by Ahi Emir Ahmed, the pillar of Islam and the world, the most proper, venerable, and most honorable. The leader of graceful and great people and a source of pride for the noble, the master of the members of tarigah and seekers of hagigah, generous Ahi Emir Ahmed, the son of Zeyn el-Haj.”
It is interesting to note that the expression “Ahi Emir Ahmed, the son of Zeyn el-Haj” is also used in the foundation certificate dated 1332. The tomb was repaired in 1985 and 2005.
Who is Ahi Emir Ahmed?
The Arabic word “Ahi” means “my brother.” The word “Feta,” which is also Arabic, means “brave, generous, warrior.” The basis of the Ahi guilds in Anatolia is built upon the principles of futuwwa (Turkish-Islamic guild) and emerged in the 13th century. The family of Ahi Emir Ahmed is regarded as being among the Uyghur Turks who first moved from Azerbaijan to Khorasan and later to Bayburt in Anatolia.
The exact date of birth of Ahi Emir, who lived between the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century, is unknown. According to hearsay, when he was 12 years old, Ahi Emir wanted to visit Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, but his family did not let him. One night, in his dream, he saw he was heralded that he was entitled to be a Sheikh in Mevlevi order, and his hair was cut. When he woke up, he found his hair cut at the bedside. Later on, Rumi sent the caliphate pedigree to Ahi Emir.
Ahi Emir, the chair of the Ahi guilds—considered the tradesmen’s institution of the time—contributed to the improvement of the Turkish language and social life. In the foundation certificate dated 733 AH (AD 1333), he is portrayed as follows:
“The pioneer of nobles, the leader of the glorified, the source of pride for the great and the notable, the lord of generosity, the lord of followers of tarigah and hagigah, Ahi Emir Ahmed, the son of Zeyn el-Haj.”
Ibn-i Batuta’s Visit
Ibn-i Batuta was welcomed by the companions of Ahi Ahmed the Knife Maker during his visit to Sivas in 1339. He visited Ahi Ahmed’s zawiyah, where he met Ahmet Ali Celebi, one of the high-ranking Ahis, and was hosted there for three days. Later, accompanied by Ahi Celebi, Ibn-i Batuta visited Alaeddin Eretna. It is probable that Ahi Ahmed the Knife Maker, who welcomed Ibn-i Batuta, was Ahi Emir Ahmed.
Although it is not written in the epigraph of the tomb, local people believe that it reads: “Make halvah when an oke of oil costs ten para.” In addition, the tomb, which is known for not letting drunk people in, is visited so that prayers are accepted.
ARAPÇA TANITIM
تربة القبة المخروطية لأخي الأمير أحمد
القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي
(وقفية زاوية أخي أمير)
تتكون التربة ذات القبة المخروطية من طابقين، الطابق الأول: مكان الضريح (لحود الموتى)، والثاني: قسم الزيارة، وأما سقفها فمغطى بقبة من الداخل ذات مخروط مذهّب من الخارج. لا توجد أي معلومات دقيقة عن تاريخ إنشاء هذه التربة. فيما ذكر في الوقفية عن ماهية المنشأة كونها مجموعة معمارية تتكون من المسجد، والزواية، وعمارة الإحسان “دار رعاية الفقراء واليتامى”، وأنشئت وفقاً للمسات المعمارية لسنة 1333م، أي بعد النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي.
شريط الكتابة المحيط بالمبنى تحت الطنف كما يلي:
“مع صاحب الكرم والقدوة الكبيرة، وسيلة فخر الأصول، سيد أصحاب الطريقة والحقيقة، أخي أمير أحمد بن زين الحاج.”
تم ترميم تلك التربة عامي 1985 و2005.
من هو أخي أحمد؟
كلمة “أخي” تعني “باللغة العربية”، وكلمة “الفتى” كلمة عربية بمعنى “الشجاع، والكريم”. وضعت مؤسسات الأخي على أساس الفتوة التي ظهرت منذ القرن الثالث عشر الميلادي حتى اليوم. تعتبر عائلة أخي أحمد من الذين انتقلوا من خراسان إلى أذربيجان واستقروا في بايبورت في الأناضول.
أما بالنسبة لتاريخ ميلاد أخي أحمد، الذي يُعتقد أنه عاش في النصف الأول من القرن الرابع عشر الميلادي غير محدد. يقال أنه عندما بلغ أخي أحمد سن 12 من عمره، رفضت عائلته أن تسمح له بذلك. وعندما استيقظ من نومه وجد شعره مقصوصاً من جهة رأسه (جانب الرأس). عندها أرسل جلال الدين الرومي له “منصب الشيخ في الطريقة المولوية”.
وصف أخي أحمد، الذي كان رئيس خلافة أهل الطريقة المولوية، وأخي الأمير أحمد في الوقفية المؤرخة بتاريخ جمادى الأولى سنة 733 هـ/ 1333م، كالتالي:
“مصدر الفخر والقدوة، والمغفور الكريم، وسيد أصحاب الطريقة والحقيقة، أخي الأمير أحمد بن زين الحاج.”
Menekşe İrem Çolak / Büyük Sivas Haber
